The Yacoraite Formation in the Espinazo del Diablo range and its importance in the stratigraphic analysis of the Cretaceous basin in northwestern Argentina
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Abstract
The Yacoraite Formation is a predominantly carbonate unit, unique for its lithological characteristics within the Cretaceous rift framework of northwestern Argentina. With an age between approximately 68,1 to 62,3 million years, it represents an interval during which epicontinental seas developed, genetically connected to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. With a maximum thickness of 300 m, it is composed of oolitic calcarenites, dolomites, calcareous sandstones, marls, and tuffs, standing out in Northwest Argentina as a key-stratigraphic interval within the Salta Group. In addition to its paleogeographic importance, it has exploratory interest, as it forms reservoirs and serves as source rock in the Olmedo sub-basin. Despite its renown, the Yacoraite Formation has issues in its original definition, and a recent study in the Espinazo del Diablo locality (Eastern Cordillera of Jujuy) allows for the definition of a parastratotype, where 5 distinctive members are separated. The lower calcareous member rests in clear erosive unconformity on the Lecho Formation eolianites and is characterized by the development of upward-coarsening cycles crowned by domal stromatolites. In contrast, the upper calcareous member, characterized by cycles of green shales and marls intercalated with tabular stromatolites, is truncated by another unconformity separating it from the overlying Mealla Formation, characterized by red fine-grained siliciclastic series. This profile located within the Tres Cruces sub-basin allows for a revision and reevaluation of its stratigraphy and significance.
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