Cambios en la diversidad de plantas en la transición Triásico-Jurásico: evidencia del registro paleobotánico de Argentina
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Resumen
La transición Triásico-Jurásica fue un intervalo importante en la historia de la Tierra, que abarcó dos grandes crisis bióticas: la extinción masiva de fines del Triásico y el Evento Anóxico Oceánico del Toarciano Temprano. La respuesta de la vegetación a estas crisis ha sido objeto de debate. En Argentina se ha sugerido un recambio en el límite Triásico-Jurásico, que llevó a la desaparición de corystopermas y peltaspermas, y a una mayor influencia de helechos, bennettitales y coníferas. Hallazgos recientes han puesto en duda los modelos evolutivos previos. Con el objetivo de comprender los cambios florísticos durante la transición Triásico-Jurásico en Argentina, calculamos índices de diversidad, proporciones de supervivencia y tasas de extinción, a partir del registro megafosilífero. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque sólo un linaje desaparece en el Triásico Tardío (Pleuromeiaceae), se produce un cambio de vegetación importante pero gradual en la transición Triásico-Jurásica. Las tasas de extinción aumentan en el Retiano y la diversidad disminuye en el Hettangiano. Los linajes diagnósticos del Triásico Tardío pasan al Jurásico, pero la mayoría con pocas ocurrencias y se extinguen en el Jurásico Temprano. Las Osmundaceae, Dipteridaceae y Bennettitales se diversifican en el Sinemuriano. En el Toarciano se reconoce un aumento en la riqueza taxonómica, marcado por la diversificación de las coníferas. En el Batoniano-Calloviano adquieren una mayor importancia de las coníferas y bennetitales. Los resultados muestran una alta correlación entre la diversidad y las ocurrencias. El conjunto de datos podría ser mejorado en el futuro intensificando el muestreo de fósiles.
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